Encyclopedia Britannica

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In the 18. century, the company was founded in Edinburgh. Colin Macfarquhar and Andrew Bell formed a partnership to create a new book. In 1768, he original three-volume work was published by William Smelli.

Sears Roebuck published the Britannica until 1943. In 1941, Sears offered the rights to the Britannica as a gift to the University of Chicago. The story of this offer was recounted at the bicentennial banquet of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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Treatment of Hallucination in Schizophrenia

I read the article " The Treatment of Hallucination in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders" and here is the summary of this article. 

There are different treatments for hallucinations in Schizophrenia like pharmacological treatment of hallucinations in Schizophrenia spectrum disorder, Cognitive-Behavioural therapy, TMS for Hallucinations in Schizophrenia, Electroconvulsive therapy for Hallucinations in Schizophrenia.

The first fundamental treatment of hallucinations is the anti psychotic medication. These medications are Olanzapine, Amissulpride, Yiprasidone and Quetiapine which are effective against hallucinations. When the drug dosent improve, it is possible to change the medication after 2-4 weeks. 

The next method is Cognitive-Behavioural therapy (CBT) and this method an be used as complement to the anti psychotic medication. CBT achieved reducing the emotional distress (auditary hallucinations) and develops new coping strategies. 

The other kind of therapy is Transcranial magnetic stimlation (TMS) which can reduce the frequency and severity of auditory hallucinations. This method is very effective against auditory hallucinations but it must be used with combination of anti psychotic treatment.

As last possibility, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used against resistant psychosis. Although several studies showed clinical improvement a specific reduction in hallucination severity has never been demonstrated.